Identification method: React with an alcoholic solution of silver nitrate and observe the rate of precipitate formation.
Reaction rate: Tertiary halides react faster than secondary halides, which react faster than primary halides, which react faster than vinyl halides. Tertiary halides precipitate within minutes, secondary halides require heating, and primary halides react even slower. Vinyl or benzene halides do not react with an alcoholic solution of silver nitrate; no precipitate forms even upon heating.
Halloalkanes
Compounds in which hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule are replaced by halogen atoms are called haloalkanes, or simply halogenated hydrocarbons. The general formula for haloalkanes is (Ar)R-X, where X is a halogen atom, which can be considered the functional group of the haloalkane, including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.
Depending on the type of substituted halogen, they are called fluorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, bromine hydrocarbons, and iodinated hydrocarbons, respectively. They can also be classified according to the number of halogen atoms in the molecule as monohalogenated hydrocarbons, dihalogenated hydrocarbons, and polyhalogenated hydrocarbons. Furthermore, they can be classified according to the type of hydrocarbon group as saturated haloalkanes, unsaturated haloalkanes, and aromatic haloalkanes, etc.